Which of the following directories contain all of the installed kernels on your system and their needed drivers?

The directory that contains all of the installed kernels on your system, along with their corresponding files such as initial ramdisks and other necessary drivers, is the /boot directory.

In the Linux file system hierarchy, /boot is specifically designated for boot loader files and kernel images. When a system is booted, the boot loader (like GRUB) references this directory to load the appropriate kernel into memory for startup. Inside /boot, you will typically find files like vmlinuz (the kernel image) and initrd (initial RAM disk image used for booting) necessary for starting the system.

The other directories serve different purposes and do not contain installed kernels:

• /proc is a virtual filesystem that provides process and system information dynamically and does not store files in the traditional sense.

• /sys is another virtual filesystem that exposes information and configuration options for the kernel, providing a way to interact with device drivers, but it does not hold kernel images.

• /dev is used for device files, which represent hardware devices on the system, and thus does not pertain to stored kernel files.

Therefore, /boot is the correct choice as it specifically houses the installed kernels and required drivers necessary for the system to boot.